景观与效率之争：纽约市公园道的演变与异化

金昱昊

doi:10.70693/rwsk.v2i7.601

Authors

金昱昊山东师范大学

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v2i7.601

Abstract

纽约市公园道的发展史是城市现代化过程中景观美学与交通效率两者博弈十分清晰、有层次的示范：始于19世纪50年代中央公园的下沉式道路，继而以19世纪末布鲁克林公园道的正式应用为契机，把该理念升格为向城市延伸的线性公园，由此引导郊区化有序展开。进入20世纪汽车时代，以布朗克斯河公园道为转折点，公园道从景观首先异化为服务于汽车通勤的专用通道。罗伯特摩西主导的大规模建设时期，公园道的空间规模达到顶峰，但此时其已舍弃高速通行之外的诸种价值，更甚者因实行社会隔离而直接背离了奥姆斯特德最初的设计初衷，故而在二战后效率至上的工程伦理冲击下被正式并入高速公路体系。因此，对公园道从兴到衰的演变逻辑的梳理，实质上也是对公园道功能演变背后社会价值观变迁的极好考察，也因而给当代城市构建宜居景观、人性化交通系统以明确的历史启示。

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