英国古典政治经济学派中的政府债务观研究

张光先; 杨柳依

doi:10.70693/rwsk.v2i2.226

Authors

张光先广州商学院
杨柳依浙江金融职业学院

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v2i2.226

Keywords:

古典学派, 政府债务, 非生产性, 政府筹资

Abstract

英国古典政治经济学派被广泛认为是现代政府债务理论的重要起源。本文重点探讨了该学派几位代表人物的政府债务理论，包括亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图、马尔萨斯和约翰·穆勒等。古典学派普遍持有“债务悲观论”这一共识，即对政府债务的态度较为负面。其主要原因在于：一是古典经济学家普遍认为政府支出缺乏生产性，会抑制经济增长；二是古典学派中大部分认为债务融资在国家经济中并未发挥关键作用；三是古典学派认为市场机制能够通过储蓄和投资自动实现平衡，借贷并非必要的平衡调节工具。本文从历史角度分析了这些理论的产生与发展，归纳了不同代表人物的政府债务观，并对其思想进行初步评价。通过理论的比较与反思，本文尝试揭示其在历史背景下的内在逻辑及演变过程，以期为当代财政政策提供理论参考和启示。

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