Towards Carbon Neutrality： An LCA-based Assessment and Reduction Pathways for Prefabricated Components in a Semiconductor Facility

Abstract

Within the context of global carbon neutrality initiatives, prefabricated buildings are recognized for their pivotal role in decarbonizing the construction sector. However, the manufacturing of their components remains a carbon-intensive process. This study conducts a systematic assessment of carbon emissions from prefabricated component production for a semiconductor manufacturing facility, employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and emission factor methods. The results identify concrete and steel production as the dominant sources, collectively contributing 82.7% of total emissions (10,794 tons and 2,285 tons CO₂e, respectively). An integrated "technology-economy-policy" pathway is proposed. Technical innovations, including low-carbon cement substitution and photovoltaic power integration, could abate electricity-related emissions by 35%. Complementary carbon offset strategies, such as CO₂ mineralization curing and forestry carbon sinks, could yield an additional annual reduction of 17%. The implementation of this framework is projected to cumulatively reduce 600–800 million tons of CO₂e by 2030, contributing 19% to the construction sector's carbon peak target. This research provides a quantitative framework and actionable insights for the low-carbon transition of prefabricated buildings, facilitating a sectoral shift from scale expansion toward quality and efficiency.