服务语言的规训：中日韩航空影视作品中“完美空乘”的性别操演与话语建构

陈柏鑫

doi:10.70693/jlis.v1i1.684

Authors

陈柏鑫东北师范大学 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6106-1578

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70693/jlis.v1i1.684

Keywords:

服务语言, 性别操演, 情感劳动, 空乘形象, 航空影视作品

Abstract

东亚航空影视作品中的空乘形象长期笼罩在“完美”话语之下。本文将“完美空乘”视为分析性概念，具体指航空业训练文本与影视文本共同建构的规范性职业形象，并以《愉快的飞行》（2008）、《中国机长》（2019）、《非常宣言》（2022）三部电影为核心文本、辅以三部日韩剧集为参照，考察服务语言如何将性别规范操演为可考核的职业能力。文章以服务语言为贯穿线索，从敬语的语法形态、微笑的口型规训，再到危机时刻的台词切换逐层展开。研究发现，程式化广播词与部分规定性服务用语，实质上是航空公司撰写的“台词”，而乘务员的每一次表达，都是对这一文本的引用；敬语语法的差异使“完美”呈现为不同的技术形态；微笑作为情感劳动的最小单位，被拆解、训练与考核；危机段落则显影出情感劳动的成本。三部电影分别以集体叙事、职人修行与劳动批判三种话语位置安置“完美空乘”，其差异更宜从影视工业与劳动政治的配置加以解释。此外，文章说明了语料与材料的局限，并指出官方文本与训练手册的互文研究是后续方向。

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